Baking Maths
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Bulk Fermentation Guide

Estimate fermentation times and know when bulk is done

Dough Temperature

Estimated Time

3.8 - 5.8 hrs

Faster fermentation, watch for over-proofing

Quick Reference

65°F8-12h
68°F6-9h
70°F5-7h
72°F4-6h
75°F3.5-5h
78°F3-4.5h
80°F2.5-4h
82°F2-3.5h
85°F1.5-2.5h

Signs Bulk is Done

Look for these indicators to know when to shape

Dough Volume

Dough has risen 50-75% from original volume

Dome Shape

Top of dough is domed, not flat or sunken

Jiggly Texture

Dough jiggles like jello when container is shaken

Visible Bubbles

Small bubbles visible on surface and sides

Smooth Surface

Surface is smooth with slight tension

Lightened Color

Dough appears slightly lighter in color

Pulls Away Clean

Dough releases easily from container sides

Not Ready Yet

  • Dough is dense and heavy
  • No visible bubbles
  • Surface is rough or torn
  • Volume increase less than 50%
  • Dough sticks heavily to everything

Over-Proofed Signs

  • Dough has collapsed or deflated
  • Strong alcohol/acetone smell
  • Very slack and hard to handle
  • Large irregular bubbles
  • Surface is very bubbly and fragile